Cara Backup dan Restore Data dengan Benar

3 - Simpan 3 copies data
2 - Di 2 media berbeda
1 - 1 copy di offsite/cloud

Contoh:
1. Original di laptop
2. External hard drive
3. Cloud storage

Full Backup:
- Backup semua data
- Waktu lama, storage besar
- Restore cepat dan mudah

Incremental Backup:
- Backup perubahan sejak backup terakhir
- Waktu cepat, storage kecil
- Restore: butuh full + semua incremental

Differential Backup:
- Backup perubahan sejak full backup terakhir
- Medium time, medium storage
- Restore: full + latest differential

# Basic rsync
rsync -av source/ destination/

# With progress
rsync -av --progress source/ destination/

# Delete files yang tidak ada di source
rsync -av --delete source/ destination/

# Exclude files/folders
rsync -av --exclude='*.tmp' --exclude='node_modules' source/ destination/

# To remote server
rsync -avz -e ssh source/ user@server:/path/destination/

# Dry run (test tanpa execute)
rsync -av --dry-run source/ destination/

#!/bin/bash
# backup.sh

# Variables
SOURCE="/home/user/Documents"
DEST="/mnt/backup/Documents"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
LOG="/var/log/backup_$DATE.log"

# Create backup
echo "Starting backup at $(date)" | tee -a $LOG
rsync -av --delete --exclude='*.tmp' --exclude='.cache' \
    $SOURCE/ $DEST/ 2>&1 | tee -a $LOG

# Check result
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Backup completed successfully at $(date)" | tee -a $LOG
else
    echo "Backup failed at $(date)" | tee -a $LOG
    # Send notification (optional)
    # mail -s "Backup Failed" admin@example.com < $LOG
fi

# Create tar archive
tar -cvf backup.tar /path/to/folder

# Create compressed tar.gz
tar -czvf backup.tar.gz /path/to/folder

# Create with date
tar -czvf backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /home/user/Documents

# Extract
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz

# Extract to specific directory
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /path/to/destination

# List contents
tar -tzvf backup.tar.gz

#!/bin/bash
# tar-backup.sh

SOURCE="/home/user/Documents"
DEST="/mnt/backup"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
FILENAME="backup_$DATE.tar.gz"

# Create backup
tar -czvf $DEST/$FILENAME $SOURCE

# Keep only last 7 days
find $DEST -name "backup_*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

echo "Backup created: $FILENAME"

# Single database
mysqldump -u root -p database_name > backup.sql

# All databases
mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > all_backup.sql

# With compression
mysqldump -u root -p database_name | gzip > backup.sql.gz

# Restore
mysql -u root -p database_name < backup.sql

# Restore from gzip
gunzip < backup.sql.gz | mysql -u root -p database_name

#!/bin/bash
# mysql-backup.sh

DB_USER="backup_user"
DB_PASS="password"
BACKUP_DIR="/mnt/backup/mysql"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

# Get all databases
DATABASES=$(mysql -u $DB_USER -p$DB_PASS -e "SHOW DATABASES;" | grep -Ev "(Database|information_schema|performance_schema)")

# Backup each database
for DB in $DATABASES; do
    echo "Backing up $DB..."
    mysqldump -u $DB_USER -p$DB_PASS --single-transaction $DB | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}.sql.gz
done

# Remove backups older than 7 days
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.sql.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

echo "Backup completed"

# Single database
pg_dump database_name > backup.sql
pg_dump -U username database_name > backup.sql

# All databases
pg_dumpall > all_backup.sql

# Custom format (compressed)
pg_dump -Fc database_name > backup.dump

# Restore SQL
psql -U username database_name < backup.sql

# Restore custom format
pg_restore -U username -d database_name backup.dump

# Backup all databases
mongodump --out /backup/mongodb/

# Backup specific database
mongodump --db database_name --out /backup/mongodb/

# With authentication
mongodump --uri="mongodb://user:pass@localhost:27017/database" --out /backup/

# Restore
mongorestore /backup/mongodb/

# Restore specific database
mongorestore --db database_name /backup/mongodb/database_name/

# Install rclone
curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash

# Configure
rclone config

# Add remote (Google Drive example)
# n) New remote
# name> gdrive
# Storage> drive
# Follow OAuth prompts

# List remotes
rclone listremotes

# List files
rclone ls gdrive:/backup

# Copy to cloud
rclone copy /local/path gdrive:/backup/path

# Sync (mirror)
rclone sync /local/path gdrive:/backup/path

# With progress
rclone copy /local/path gdrive:/backup/path --progress

# Backup script
#!/bin/bash
BACKUP_DIR="/home/user/Documents"
REMOTE="gdrive:/Backups/Documents"

rclone sync $BACKUP_DIR $REMOTE --progress --log-file=/var/log/rclone.log

# Install
sudo apt install grive2

# First time setup (di folder yang mau sync)
cd ~/GoogleDrive
grive -a

# Sync
grive

# Selective sync
grive --dir Documents

# Edit crontab
crontab -e

# Daily backup at 2 AM
0 2 * * * /home/user/scripts/backup.sh

# Weekly full backup (Sunday 3 AM)
0 3 * * 0 /home/user/scripts/full-backup.sh

# Monthly backup (1st day, 4 AM)
0 4 1 * * /home/user/scripts/monthly-backup.sh

# Database backup every 6 hours
0 */6 * * * /home/user/scripts/db-backup.sh

* * * * * command
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └── Day of week (0-7, Sunday = 0 or 7)
│ │ │ └──── Month (1-12)
│ │ └────── Day of month (1-31)
│ └──────── Hour (0-23)
└────────── Minute (0-59)

# Install
sudo apt install timeshift

# Create snapshot
sudo timeshift --create --comments "Before upgrade"

# List snapshots
sudo timeshift --list

# Restore
sudo timeshift --restore

# Install
sudo apt install deja-dup

# Features:
# - Simple GUI
# - Scheduled backups
# - Encryption
# - Cloud support

# Install
sudo apt install restic

# Initialize repository
restic init --repo /mnt/backup/restic-repo

# Create backup
restic -r /mnt/backup/restic-repo backup /home/user/Documents

# List snapshots
restic -r /mnt/backup/restic-repo snapshots

# Restore
restic -r /mnt/backup/restic-repo restore latest --target /restore/path

# Forget old snapshots
restic -r /mnt/backup/restic-repo forget --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 4 --keep-monthly 6

# ALWAYS test your backups!

# Test tar archive
tar -tzf backup.tar.gz > /dev/null && echo "Archive OK" || echo "Archive corrupted"

# Test SQL backup
mysql -u root -p test_restore_db < backup.sql
# Verify data, then drop test database

# Test rsync backup
rsync -avnc source/ destination/  # -n = dry run, -c = checksum

# Create checksum
md5sum backup.tar.gz > backup.tar.gz.md5
sha256sum backup.tar.gz > backup.tar.gz.sha256

# Verify checksum
md5sum -c backup.tar.gz.md5
sha256sum -c backup.tar.gz.sha256

1. Verify backup integrity
2. Identify what needs to be restored
3. Stop services yang affected
4. Create backup of current state
5. Plan rollback strategy

# 1. Stop services
sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl stop mysql

# 2. Backup current state
tar -czvf pre-restore-backup.tar.gz /path/to/current

# 3. Restore
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /path/to/destination

# 4. Fix permissions if needed
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html

# 5. Start services
sudo systemctl start mysql
sudo systemctl start nginx

# 6. Verify
curl localhost  # Test website
mysql -e "SELECT 1"  # Test database

Critical:
□ Documents and files
□ Database data
□ Configuration files
□ SSH keys
□ Certificates/SSL
□ Application data
□ Email data

System:
□ /etc (configurations)
□ /home (user data)
□ /var/www (web files)
□ /var/lib (app data)

Development:
□ Source code (also use Git!)
□ Environment files
□ Database dumps
□ Docker volumes

□ Check backup logs
□ Verify backup file sizes
□ Test restore procedure
□ Review backup retention
□ Check storage space
□ Update backup scripts if needed