Cara Belajar Python Programming untuk Pemula

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3 python3-pip

# Verify installation
python3 --version
pip3 --version

# Download dari python.org
# Atau gunakan package manager

# Mac dengan Homebrew
brew install python3

# Windows dengan Chocolatey
choco install python

# Print ke console
print("Hello, World!")

# Input dari user
nama = input("Masukkan nama: ")
print(f"Halo, {nama}!")

# String
nama = "Budi"
pesan = 'Hello World'
multi_line = """
Ini adalah
multi-line string
"""

# Number
umur = 25        # integer
harga = 99.99    # float
kompleks = 3+4j  # complex

# Boolean
aktif = True
selesai = False

# None (null equivalent)
data = None

# Convert types
angka_str = "123"
angka_int = int(angka_str)   # 123
angka_float = float(angka_str)  # 123.0

# Check type
print(type(angka_int))  # <class 'int'>

a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b)   # 13 (addition)
print(a - b)   # 7 (subtraction)
print(a * b)   # 30 (multiplication)
print(a / b)   # 3.33 (division)
print(a // b)  # 3 (floor division)
print(a % b)   # 1 (modulus)
print(a ** b)  # 1000 (exponent)

x = 5
y = 3

print(x == y)  # False
print(x != y)  # True
print(x > y)   # True
print(x <= y)  # False

a = True
b = False

print(a and b)  # False
print(a or b)   # True
print(not a)    # False

nilai = 85

if nilai >= 90:
    print("A")
elif nilai >= 80:
    print("B")
elif nilai >= 70:
    print("C")
else:
    print("D")

# Ternary operator
status = "Lulus" if nilai >= 70 else "Tidak Lulus"

hari = "Senin"

match hari:
    case "Senin" | "Selasa" | "Rabu":
        print("Hari kerja awal")
    case "Kamis" | "Jumat":
        print("Hari kerja akhir")
    case "Sabtu" | "Minggu":
        print("Weekend")
    case _:
        print("Tidak valid")

# Range loop
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

# Range with start and step
for i in range(0, 10, 2):
    print(i)  # 0, 2, 4, 6, 8

# Iterate list
buah = ["apel", "jeruk", "mangga"]
for item in buah:
    print(item)

# Enumerate
for index, item in enumerate(buah):
    print(f"{index}: {item}")

i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1

# Break and continue
for i in range(10):
    if i == 3:
        continue  # Skip 3
    if i == 7:
        break     # Stop at 7
    print(i)

# Create list
buah = ["apel", "jeruk", "mangga"]

# Access elements
print(buah[0])   # apel
print(buah[-1])  # mangga (last)
print(buah[1:3]) # ['jeruk', 'mangga']

# Modify
buah.append("anggur")    # Add to end
buah.insert(0, "durian") # Insert at index
buah.remove("jeruk")     # Remove by value
buah.pop()               # Remove last
buah.pop(0)              # Remove at index

# List comprehension
angka = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
kuadrat = [x**2 for x in angka]
# [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

genap = [x for x in angka if x % 2 == 0]
# [2, 4]

# Create dictionary
user = {
    "nama": "Budi",
    "umur": 25,
    "kota": "Jakarta"
}

# Access
print(user["nama"])        # Budi
print(user.get("email"))   # None (safe access)
print(user.get("email", "default@email.com"))

# Modify
user["email"] = "budi@email.com"
user.update({"phone": "123456"})
del user["phone"]

# Iterate
for key in user:
    print(f"{key}: {user[key]}")

for key, value in user.items():
    print(f"{key}: {value}")

# Dictionary comprehension
angka = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
kuadrat = {x: x**2 for x in angka}
# {1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}

# Tuple (immutable)
koordinat = (10, 20)
x, y = koordinat  # Unpacking

# Set (unique values)
angka = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4}  # {1, 2, 3, 4}
angka.add(5)
angka.remove(1)

# Set operations
a = {1, 2, 3}
b = {2, 3, 4}
print(a | b)  # Union: {1, 2, 3, 4}
print(a & b)  # Intersection: {2, 3}
print(a - b)  # Difference: {1}

# Define function
def sapa(nama):
    return f"Halo, {nama}!"

print(sapa("Budi"))

# Default parameters
def sapa(nama="User"):
    return f"Halo, {nama}!"

# Multiple return
def hitung(a, b):
    return a + b, a - b, a * b

tambah, kurang, kali = hitung(10, 5)

# *args (variable positional arguments)
def jumlah(*angka):
    return sum(angka)

print(jumlah(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))  # 15

# **kwargs (variable keyword arguments)
def info(**data):
    for key, value in data.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

info(nama="Budi", umur=25, kota="Jakarta")

# Lambda (anonymous function)
kuadrat = lambda x: x ** 2
print(kuadrat(5))  # 25

# Use with map, filter
angka = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
hasil = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, angka))
# [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

genap = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, angka))
# [2, 4]

# Write file
with open("data.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("Hello, World!\n")
    f.write("Python is awesome!")

# Read file
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
    content = f.read()
    print(content)

# Read line by line
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
    for line in f:
        print(line.strip())

# Append to file
with open("data.txt", "a") as f:
    f.write("\nNew line")

import json

# Write JSON
data = {"nama": "Budi", "umur": 25}
with open("data.json", "w") as f:
    json.dump(data, f, indent=2)

# Read JSON
with open("data.json", "r") as f:
    loaded = json.load(f)
    print(loaded["nama"])

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Tidak bisa dibagi nol!")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")
else:
    print("Sukses!")
finally:
    print("Selalu dijalankan")

# Raise exception
def validate_age(umur):
    if umur < 0:
        raise ValueError("Umur tidak boleh negatif")
    return umur