Salin dan Bagikan

Cara Membuat Website dengan HTML dan CSS

HTML dan CSS adalah dasar dari web development. Mari pelajari cara membuat website dari nol.

HTML Basics

Struktur HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="id">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Website Pertama Saya</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello World!</h1>
  </body>
</html>

Heading dan Paragraf

<h1>Heading 1 (Terbesar)</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
<h4>Heading 4</h4>
<h5>Heading 5</h5>
<h6>Heading 6 (Terkecil)</h6>

<p>Ini adalah paragraf pertama.</p>
<p>
  Ini adalah paragraf kedua dengan <strong>teks tebal</strong> dan
  <em>teks miring</em>.
</p>

Links dan Images

<!-- Links -->
<a href="https://example.com">Link External</a>
<a href="/about.html">Link Internal</a>
<a href="mailto:email@example.com">Email Link</a>
<a href="#section1">Anchor Link</a>

<!-- Images -->
<img src="gambar.jpg" alt="Deskripsi gambar" />
<img
  src="https://example.com/image.png"
  alt="Image dari URL"
  width="300"
  height="200"
/>

Lists

<!-- Unordered List -->
<ul>
  <li>Item pertama</li>
  <li>Item kedua</li>
  <li>Item ketiga</li>
</ul>

<!-- Ordered List -->
<ol>
  <li>Langkah pertama</li>
  <li>Langkah kedua</li>
  <li>Langkah ketiga</li>
</ol>

Semantic HTML

<header>
  <nav>
    <a href="/">Home</a>
    <a href="/about">About</a>
    <a href="/contact">Contact</a>
  </nav>
</header>

<main>
  <article>
    <h2>Judul Artikel</h2>
    <p>Konten artikel...</p>
  </article>

  <aside>
    <h3>Sidebar</h3>
    <p>Konten sidebar...</p>
  </aside>
</main>

<footer>
  <p>&copy; 2026 Website Saya</p>
</footer>

CSS Basics

CSS Selectors

/* Element selector */
p {
  color: blue;
}

/* Class selector */
.highlight {
  background-color: yellow;
}

/* ID selector */
#header {
  font-size: 24px;
}

/* Descendant selector */
nav a {
  color: white;
}

/* Multiple selectors */
h1,
h2,
h3 {
  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}

Colors dan Typography

/* Colors */
.text {
  color: #333333; /* Hex */
  color: rgb(51, 51, 51); /* RGB */
  color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.8); /* RGBA with opacity */
  background-color: hsl(0, 0%, 90%); /* HSL */
}

/* Typography */
body {
  font-family: "Arial", sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
  text-align: left;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 2px;
}

Box Model

.box {
  /* Content */
  width: 300px;
  height: 200px;

  /* Padding (inside) */
  padding: 20px;
  padding: 10px 20px; /* top-bottom left-right */
  padding: 10px 20px 15px 25px; /* top right bottom left */

  /* Border */
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 8px;

  /* Margin (outside) */
  margin: 20px;
  margin: 0 auto; /* Center horizontally */

  /* Box sizing */
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

Layout dengan Flexbox

Flexbox Basics

.container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row; /* row, column, row-reverse, column-reverse */
  justify-content: center; /* flex-start, flex-end, center, space-between, space-around */
  align-items: center; /* flex-start, flex-end, center, stretch */
  gap: 20px;
}

.item {
  flex: 1; /* Grow equally */
  flex-grow: 1;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  flex-basis: 200px;
}

<nav class="navbar">
  <div class="logo">Logo</div>
  <ul class="nav-links">
    <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
    <li><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

.navbar {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  background-color: #333;
}

.logo {
  color: white;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.nav-links a {
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  color: #ffd700;
}

Layout dengan Grid

Grid Basics

.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: auto;
  gap: 20px;
}

.grid-item {
  background: #f0f0f0;
  padding: 20px;
}

/* Span multiple columns/rows */
.wide {
  grid-column: span 2;
}

.tall {
  grid-row: span 2;
}

Page Layout dengan Grid

.page-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header"
    "sidebar main"
    "footer footer";
  min-height: 100vh;
}

header {
  grid-area: header;
}
aside {
  grid-area: sidebar;
}
main {
  grid-area: main;
}
footer {
  grid-area: footer;
}

Responsive Design

Media Queries

/* Mobile first approach */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 1rem;
}

/* Tablet */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
}

/* Desktop */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .container {
    max-width: 960px;
  }
}

/* Large Desktop */
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .container {
    max-width: 1140px;
  }
}

/* Mobile: Stack vertically */
.nav-links {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.nav-links.active {
  display: flex;
}

/* Desktop: Horizontal */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .nav-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
  }
}

Complete Example

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="id">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Website Saya</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <header class="header">
      <nav class="navbar">
        <div class="logo">MySite</div>
        <ul class="nav-links">
          <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
          <li><a href="/services">Services</a></li>
          <li><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li>
        </ul>
      </nav>
    </header>

    <main>
      <section class="hero">
        <h1>Selamat Datang</h1>
        <p>Website profesional untuk bisnis Anda</p>
        <a href="/contact" class="btn">Hubungi Kami</a>
      </section>

      <section class="services">
        <h2>Layanan Kami</h2>
        <div class="service-grid">
          <div class="service-card">
            <h3>Web Design</h3>
            <p>Desain website modern dan responsif</p>
          </div>
          <div class="service-card">
            <h3>Development</h3>
            <p>Pengembangan aplikasi web custom</p>
          </div>
          <div class="service-card">
            <h3>SEO</h3>
            <p>Optimasi mesin pencari</p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </section>
    </main>

    <footer class="footer">
      <p>&copy; 2026 MySite. All rights reserved.</p>
    </footer>
  </body>
</html>

CSS

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #333;
}

.header {
  background: #2c3e50;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

.navbar {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.logo {
  color: white;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.nav-links a {
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.3s;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  color: #3498db;
}

.hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db, #2c3e50);
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 6rem 2rem;
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  background: #e74c3c;
  color: white;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 5px;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  transition: background 0.3s;
}

.btn:hover {
  background: #c0392b;
}

.services {
  padding: 4rem 2rem;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.services h2 {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.service-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
}

.service-card {
  background: #f9f9f9;
  padding: 2rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer {
  background: #2c3e50;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav-links {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
}

Kesimpulan

HTML dan CSS adalah fondasi web development. Kuasai basics ini sebelum melanjutkan ke JavaScript dan framework seperti React atau Vue.