Salin dan Bagikan

Cara Menggunakan Git dan GitHub untuk Pemula

Git adalah version control system yang wajib dikuasai developer. Mari pelajari dari dasar.

Install Git

Linux

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install git

# Fedora
sudo dnf install git

# Verify installation
git --version

Windows & Mac

# Windows: Download dari git-scm.com
# Mac: Install via Homebrew
brew install git

Konfigurasi Awal

Set Identity

# Set nama dan email
git config --global user.name "Nama Anda"
git config --global user.email "email@example.com"

# Set default branch name
git config --global init.defaultBranch main

# Lihat semua config
git config --list

Set Editor

# Set VS Code sebagai editor
git config --global core.editor "code --wait"

# Set Nano
git config --global core.editor "nano"

Basic Git Commands

Initialize Repository

# Buat folder project
mkdir my-project
cd my-project

# Initialize git
git init

# Check status
git status

Stage and Commit

# Buat file
echo "Hello World" > README.md

# Stage file
git add README.md

# Stage semua file
git add .

# Commit changes
git commit -m "Initial commit"

# Lihat history
git log
git log --oneline

Working with Branches

Create and Switch Branch

# Buat branch baru
git branch feature-login

# Switch ke branch
git checkout feature-login

# Atau buat dan switch sekaligus
git checkout -b feature-login

# Git 2.23+ syntax
git switch -c feature-login

# List semua branch
git branch
git branch -a

Merge Branch

# Switch ke main
git checkout main

# Merge feature branch
git merge feature-login

# Delete branch setelah merge
git branch -d feature-login

Remote Repository (GitHub)

Connect to GitHub

# Add remote
git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repo.git

# Verify remote
git remote -v

# Push ke GitHub
git push -u origin main

Clone Repository

# Clone via HTTPS
git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git

# Clone via SSH
git clone git@github.com:username/repo.git

# Clone ke folder tertentu
git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git my-folder

SSH Authentication

Generate SSH Key

# Generate SSH key
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "email@example.com"

# Start SSH agent
eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

# Add key ke agent
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

# Copy public key
cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
# Paste ke GitHub > Settings > SSH Keys

Test SSH Connection

# Test connection
ssh -T git@github.com
# Should see: Hi username! You've successfully authenticated

Pull and Push

Sync with Remote

# Fetch updates (tidak merge)
git fetch origin

# Pull updates (fetch + merge)
git pull origin main

# Push changes
git push origin main

# Push new branch
git push -u origin feature-branch

Handling Merge Conflicts

Resolve Conflicts

# Pull may cause conflict
git pull origin main

# Edit conflicted files
# Look for:
# <<<<<<< HEAD
# Your changes
# =======
# Their changes
# >>>>>>> branch-name

# After resolving
git add .
git commit -m "Resolve merge conflicts"

Useful Git Commands

View Changes

# Lihat perubahan unstaged
git diff

# Lihat perubahan staged
git diff --staged

# Lihat history dengan graph
git log --oneline --graph --all

Undo Changes

# Undo unstaged changes
git checkout -- filename
git restore filename

# Unstage file
git reset HEAD filename
git restore --staged filename

# Undo last commit (keep changes)
git reset --soft HEAD~1

# Undo last commit (discard changes)
git reset --hard HEAD~1

Stash Changes

# Simpan perubahan sementara
git stash

# List stash
git stash list

# Apply stash
git stash pop

# Apply specific stash
git stash apply stash@{0}

.gitignore File

Create .gitignore

# .gitignore
node_modules/
.env
.env.local
*.log
dist/
build/
.DS_Store
*.pyc
__pycache__/
.vscode/

Ignore Already Tracked Files

# Remove from tracking but keep file
git rm --cached filename

# Remove folder
git rm -r --cached foldername

GitHub Features

Pull Request Workflow

# 1. Fork repository di GitHub
# 2. Clone fork
git clone https://github.com/your-username/repo.git

# 3. Add upstream remote
git remote add upstream https://github.com/original/repo.git

# 4. Create feature branch
git checkout -b my-feature

# 5. Make changes and commit
git add .
git commit -m "Add new feature"

# 6. Push ke fork
git push origin my-feature

# 7. Create Pull Request di GitHub

Sync Fork

# Fetch upstream
git fetch upstream

# Merge upstream/main
git checkout main
git merge upstream/main

# Push to fork
git push origin main

Git Aliases

Create Shortcuts

# Common aliases
git config --global alias.co checkout
git config --global alias.br branch
git config --global alias.ci commit
git config --global alias.st status
git config --global alias.lg "log --oneline --graph --all"

# Usage
git co main
git st
git lg

Kesimpulan

Git dan GitHub adalah tools essential untuk developer. Mulai dengan basic commands lalu pelajari branching dan collaboration workflow.